Szoptatás Portál ... naprakész információk a szoptatásról

Belo MM, Serva GB, Serva VB, Batista Filho M, Figueiroa JN, Caminha MF.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011 Jul-Aug;87(4):364-8.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To compare the frequency of exclusive breastfeeding using two different interview approaches.

A La Leche Liga angliai szervezetének válasza a British Medical Journal című orvosi szaklapban 2011 januárjában megjelent cikkre, amely megkérdőjelezi a hozzátáplálás nem korábban, mint 6 hónapos korban való elkezdésére vonatkozó eddigi ajánlásokat

A La Leche Liga már több mint 50 éve nyújt információt és támogatást azoknak a szülőknek, akik szoptatni szeretnék gyermeküket. Munkája során osztja a WHO, az Egészségügyi Minisztérium és más mértékadó szervezetek azon nézeteit, miszerint a csecsemők optimális növekedését, fejlődését és egészségét az szolgálja legjobban, ha életük első 6 hónapjában kizárólag szopnak. Ezután pedig a szoptatást kiegészítve kapjanak a kisbabák megfelelő minőségű ételeket, hogy növekvő, változó táplálékigényüket kielégíthessék.

New Rochelle, NY, January 20, 2011 —A recent challenge to the well-established World Health Organization (WHO) breastfeeding guidelines is not supported by current research findings and unnecessarily questions the clear benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for at least the first 6 months of life. The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine (ABM), a global physicians’ organization, supports the 2001 WHO recommendation for exclusive breastfeeding (not supplemented by formula or solid food) for six months after birth and emphasizes the proven health benefits of breastfeeding for both infants and mothers. ABM cautions against unsubstantiated, contradictory messages that create unnecessary confusion.

Háttér

Az elmúlt hónapokban az egészségügyi dolgozók (gyermekorvosok, védőnők) körében elter­jedt az a nézet, hogy a gluténtartalmú élelmiszereket 4 hónapos korban be kell vezetni a csecsemők étrendjébe, mert a glutén későbbi bevezetése fokozza a cöliákia kialakulásának kockázatát. Ez a javaslat a kutatási eredmények félreértelmezésén alapul, ellentmond az Egészségügyi Világszervezet és az európai egészségügyi szervezetek ajánlásának, és – a szilárd táplálékok túl korai bevezetése miatt – egészségügyi kockázatokat hordoz mind a szoptató anyákra, mind a szoptatott csecsemőkre nézve.

Vieira GO, Martins CC, Vieira TO, de Oliveira NF, Silva LR.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2010 Sep-Oct;86(5):441-4.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To investigate factors associated with discontinuation of exclusive breastfeeding in the first month of lactation, in the city of Feira de Santana, Brazil.

METHODS: Cohort study with follow-up of 1,309 mother-child pairs selected from all maternities in the municipality. Data were collected in hospital and in home visits during the first month of life. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between outcome and variables of interest.

Kull I, Melen E, Alm J, Hallberg J, Svartengren M, van Hage M, Pershagen G, Wickman M, Bergström A.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 May;125(5):1013-9.

Abstract

Background The evidence from previous studies on beneficial effects of breast-feeding in relation to development of asthma is conflicting.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relation between breast-feeding and asthma and/or sensitization during the first 8 years of life.

Press release 23 December 2009

Health advocates predict a decline in breastfeeding if a new opinion of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) which is at variance with that of the World Health Organisation is translated into european legislation. The opinion which was issued on the 21st December (1) is a backward step and plays into the hands of the baby food industry which is trying to undermine moves to improve the 1996 EU baby food Directive. (2) It flies in the face of the global recommendation of the World Health Assembly, which was arrived at after a systematic review of over 3000 studies and is now policy in over 70 countries, including the UK. (3)

Shashi Raj, Mma Faridi, Usha Rusia and Om Singh

International Breastfeeding Journal 2008, 3:3

Abstract (provisional)

Background
Can exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age maintain optimum iron status in term babies? We evaluated iron status of exclusively breastfed term infants in relation to breast milk iron and lactoferrin.

Methods
In this prospective study in Delhi, India, during the period 2003-2004, normally delivered babies of non-anemic [(Hemoglobin (Hb) greater than or equal to 11 g/dl, n = 68] and anemic (Hb 7 - 10.9 g/dl, n = 61) mothers were followed until 6 months of age. Iron parameters were measured in the cord blood at 14 weeks and 6 months. Breast milk iron and lactoferrin were measured at the same intervals.

KramerMS, Kakuma R.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - 2007. Update

Plain Language Summary

Exclusive breastfeeding for six months (versus three to four months) reduces gastrointestinal infection, does not impair growth, and helps the mother lose weight.

MICHAEL S. KRAMER, MD, RITSUKO KAKUMA, MSc

World Health Organization, 2002

Abstract

Background: The longstanding debate over the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding has centered on the so-called “weanling’s dilemma” in developing countries: the choice between the known protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against infectious morbidity and the (theoretical) insufficiency of breast milk alone to satisfy the infant’s energy and micronutrient requirements beyond 4 months of age. The debate over whether to recommend exclusive breastfeeding for 4–6 months vs “about 6 months” has recently become more intense.

World Health Organization, 2002

The objectives of the expert consultation were:

• To review the scientific evidence on the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding;
• To formulate recommendations for practice on the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding;
• To formulate recommendations for research needs in this area.

NANCY F. BUTTE, PHD, MARDIA G. LOPEZ-ALARCON, MD, PHD, CUTBERTO GARZA, MD, PHD

World Health Organization, 2002

This review, which was prepared as part of the background documentation for a WHO expert consultation, evaluates the nutrient adequacy of exclusive breastfeeding for term infants during the first 6 months of life. Nutrient intakes provided by human milk are compared with infant nutrient requirements. To avoid circular arguments, biochemical and physiological methods, independent of human milk, are used to define these requirements.

Kathryn G. Dewey, Roberta J. Cohen, Kenneth H. Brown and Leonardo Landa Rivera

Journal of Nutrition. 2001;131:262-267.

Abstract

To examine whether the duration of exclusive breastfeeding affects maternal nutrition or infant motor development, we examined data from two studies in Honduras: the first with 141 infants of low-income primiparous women and the second with 119 term, low birth weight infants.

Aarts C, Kylberg E, Hörnell A, Hofvander Y, Gebre-Medhin M, Greiner T.
Int J Epidemiol. 2000 Dec;29(6):1041-6.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: There is no accepted and widely used indicator for exclusive breastfeeding since birth. Indeed, the difference between 'current status' data on exclusive breastfeeding and data on 'exclusive breastfeeding since birth' is rarely recognized. We used data from a longitudinal study to examine this issue.