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Chantry CJ, Nommsen-Rivers LA, Peerson JM, Cohen RJ, Dewey KG.
Pediatrics. 2011 Jan;127(1):e171-9.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to describe weight loss in a multiethnic population of first-born, predominantly breastfed, term infants and to identify potentially modifiable risk factors for excess weight loss (EWL).

Mulder PJ, Johnson TS, Baker LC.
J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2010 Jan;39(1):15-26.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine differences in breastfeeding frequency, voids, and stools in infants with weight losses < or > or =7% during the postpartum hospitalization.

Nommsen-Rivers LA, Dewey KG.
Breastfeed Med. 2009 Oct;4 Suppl 1:S45-9.

Understanding normal growth for the healthy breastfed infant is an important component of promoting and supporting child health in general and breastfeeding in particular. Appropriate characterization of normative growth patterns in the breastfed infant has implications ranging from the proper clinical management of the individual breastfed infant to accurate evaluation of the role of breastfeeding in the prevalence of over- and undernutrition at national and international levels.

Shashi Raj, Mma Faridi, Usha Rusia and Om Singh

International Breastfeeding Journal 2008, 3:3

Abstract (provisional)

Background
Can exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age maintain optimum iron status in term babies? We evaluated iron status of exclusively breastfed term infants in relation to breast milk iron and lactoferrin.

Methods
In this prospective study in Delhi, India, during the period 2003-2004, normally delivered babies of non-anemic [(Hemoglobin (Hb) greater than or equal to 11 g/dl, n = 68] and anemic (Hb 7 - 10.9 g/dl, n = 61) mothers were followed until 6 months of age. Iron parameters were measured in the cord blood at 14 weeks and 6 months. Breast milk iron and lactoferrin were measured at the same intervals.

KramerMS, Kakuma R.

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - 2007. Update

Plain Language Summary

Exclusive breastfeeding for six months (versus three to four months) reduces gastrointestinal infection, does not impair growth, and helps the mother lose weight.

Mercedes de Onis, Cutberto Garza, Adelheid W. Onyango and Elaine Borghi

J. Nutr. 137:144-148, January 2007

Abstract

The evaluation of child growth trajectories and the interventions designed to improve child health are highly dependent on the growth charts used. The U.S. CDC and the WHO, in May 2000 and April 2006, respectively, released new growth charts to replace the 1977 NCHS reference. The WHO charts are based for the first time on a prescriptive, prospective, international sample of infants selected to represent optimum growth. This article compares the WHO and CDC curves and evaluates the growth performance of healthy breast-fed infants according to both.

Powers NG.

Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001 Apr;48(2):345-63.

Abstract

Pediatricians must monitor early breastfeeding to detect and manage breastfeeding difficulties that lead to slow weight gain and subsequent low milk production. Infant growth during the first 3 months of life provides a clear indication of breastfeeding progress. Healthy, breastfed infants lose less than 10% of birth weight and return to birth weight by age 2 weeks. They then gain weight steadily, at a minimum of 20 g per day, from age 2 weeks to 3 months. Any deviation from this pattern is cause for concern and for a thorough evaluation of the breastfeeding process.

Magda Sachs ba, ma, Fiona Dykes phd, ma, cert ed, adm, rgn, rm and Bernie Carter phd, pgce, bsc, srn, rscn
Matern Child Nutr. 2005 Apr;1(2):63-76.

Abstract

Weighing infants during their first 6 months is an important focus of growth monitoring and a common activity of child health care services worldwide. In these same months, health workers provide support for breastfeeding and promote continued exclusive breastfeeding. The literature on the practice of weighing breastfed babies is reviewed, as it applies to the United Kingdom. The shape of the growth curves for breastfed babies differs from that of formula-fed infants and also from centile charts previously in use.

Magda Sachs BA, MA (Cantab), Fiona Dykes PhD, MA, Cert Ed, ADM, RGN, RM and Bernie Carter PhD, PGCE, BSC, SRN, RSCN
Matern Child Nutr. 2006 Jan;2(1):3-18.

Abstract

Weighing infants in their first 6 months is an important aspect of growth monitoring and a common activity of child health care services worldwide. During the same 6 months, support for establishing breastfeeding and the promotion of continued exclusive breastfeeding are important activities of health professionals. Parents and health professionals may perceive conflicts between achieving both robust growth and continuing breastfeeding. In this narrative review, the literature on weighing breastfed babies in the United Kingdom is examined. A companion paper examined issues of growth charts, scales and weighing frequency and accuracy.

This web site presents the WHO Child Growth Standards. These standards were developed using data collected in the WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study. The site presents documentation on how the physical growth curves and motor milestone windows of achievement were developed as well as application tools to support implementation of the standards.

A növekedési görbék innen letölthetők.

Michael S Kramer, Tong Guo, Robert W Platt, Zinaida Sevkovskaya, Irina Dzikovich, Jean-Paul Collet, Stanley Shapiro, Beverley Chalmers, Ellen Hodnett, Irina Vanilovich, Irina Mezen, Thierry Ducruet, George Shishko and Natalia Bogdanovich

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 78, No. 2, 291-295, August 2003

Abstract

Background: Opinions and recommendations about the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding have been strongly divided, but few published studies have provided direct evidence on the relative risks and benefits of different breastfeeding durations in recipient infants.

Objective: We examined the effects on infant growth and health of 3 compared with 6 mo of exclusive breastfeeding.

MICHAEL S. KRAMER, MD, RITSUKO KAKUMA, MSc

World Health Organization, 2002

Abstract

Background: The longstanding debate over the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding has centered on the so-called “weanling’s dilemma” in developing countries: the choice between the known protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding against infectious morbidity and the (theoretical) insufficiency of breast milk alone to satisfy the infant’s energy and micronutrient requirements beyond 4 months of age. The debate over whether to recommend exclusive breastfeeding for 4–6 months vs “about 6 months” has recently become more intense.

World Health Organization, 2002

The objectives of the expert consultation were:

• To review the scientific evidence on the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding;
• To formulate recommendations for practice on the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding;
• To formulate recommendations for research needs in this area.

NANCY F. BUTTE, PHD, MARDIA G. LOPEZ-ALARCON, MD, PHD, CUTBERTO GARZA, MD, PHD

World Health Organization, 2002

This review, which was prepared as part of the background documentation for a WHO expert consultation, evaluates the nutrient adequacy of exclusive breastfeeding for term infants during the first 6 months of life. Nutrient intakes provided by human milk are compared with infant nutrient requirements. To avoid circular arguments, biochemical and physiological methods, independent of human milk, are used to define these requirements.

Kathryn G. Dewey, Roberta J. Cohen, Kenneth H. Brown and Leonardo Landa Rivera

Journal of Nutrition. 2001;131:262-267.

Abstract

To examine whether the duration of exclusive breastfeeding affects maternal nutrition or infant motor development, we examined data from two studies in Honduras: the first with 141 infants of low-income primiparous women and the second with 119 term, low birth weight infants.