Szoptatás Portál ... naprakész információk a szoptatásról

The Multiple Births Foundation (UK), 2011.

This guidance is about aspects of infant feeding which are specific to multiples. Where there is information already available on infant feeding which is relevant for multiples, we have referred to these documents and not covered them in detail.

The topics covered in this guidance include feeding with breastmilk, feeding the sick or preterm baby, expressing milk, sterilisation of equipment, formula feeding and starting solids. Triplets and higher order multiples are covered within these sections and also in a separate section.

The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee
BREASTFEEDING MEDICINE Volume 5, Number 6, 2010

Background

Newborns and young infants routinely experience pain associated with commonly used invasive procedures such as blood sampling and intramuscular injections (e.g., vaccinations, vitamin K) and, in some countries, circumcision (the removal of some or all of the foreskin [prepuce] from the penis). Reduction of pain is both a professional imperative and an ethical expectation because untreated pain has detrimental consequences such as greater pain sensitivity in later childhood and may lead to permanent neuroanatomical and behavioral abnormalities as demonstrated in animal models. Moreover, pain is a source of concern and distress for new parents and may disturb mother–infant bonding.

Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, 2005.
Revised in November 2009.

Világos, pontokba szedett, átlátható útmutató a szoptatás támogatásához és a szoptatási problémák megoldásához. Tünetek, hajlamosító tényezők, kezelés, teendők.

Premature infants who receive human milk have the best outcomes; medically, nutritionally, and developmentally.

The Supporting Premature Infant Nutrition (SPIN) program was developed to address the challenges of helping mothers produce sufficient breastmilk for their premature infants, and to improve the manner in which Neonatal Intensive Care Units support optimal nutrition and growth in their most vulnerable population of patients.

Colson SD, Meek JH, Hawdon JM.
Early Hum Dev. 2008 Jul;84(7):441-9.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Despite widespread skills-teaching, 37% of UK mothers initiating breastfeeding stop by six weeks suggesting a need to reappraise current support strategies. Rooting, sucking and swallowing have been studied extensively but little is known about the role other primitive neonatal reflexes (PNRs) might play to support breastfeeding.

Keister D, Roberts KT, Werner SL.
Am Fam Physician. 2008 Jul 15;78(2):225-32.

Abstract

Breastfeeding provides significant health benefits for infants and mothers. However, the United States continues to fall short of the breastfeeding goals set by the Healthy People 2010 initiative. The American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology have policy statements supporting breastfeeding that reflect recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms underlying the benefits of breastfeeding and in the clinical management of breastfeeding. Despite popular belief, there are few contraindications to breastfeeding.

Mattar C N, Fok D, Chong Y S
Singapore Med J 2008; 49(4) : 272

INTRODUCTION

Breastfeeding and the role of a primary physician
Clinicians can influence a woman’s decision to breastfeed and can contribute to a successful breastfeeding practice. A physician’s affirmation of breastfeeding can significantly increase breastfeeding initiation of women from various backgrounds. When a mother encounters a difficult situation that may jeopardise lactation, her physician should be able to counsel her appropriately and encourage a continued effort to breastfeed, bearing in mind the strong sociocultural influences that encourage a trend towards formula feeding.

Curriculum and Resource Guide for Health Care Providers

Curriculum Objectives

After completing this curriculum, health care providers will be able to:

• Identify women who may be at risk for depression in the perinatal period.
• Recognize the symptoms of depression and other mood disorders in pregnant and postpartum women.
• Describe how postpartum mood disorders may impact breastfeeding.
• Describe the causes of postpartum depression.
• Provide information to mothers so they can weigh the risks and benefits of various treatment options for depression.
• Work with mothers to preserve the breastfeeding relationship whenever possible.

A teljes dokumentum letölthető innen.

Nancy M. Hurst DSN, RN, IBCLC
J Perinat Neonat Nurs Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 234–239

Abstract

Mother's own milk is considered best for preterm infants. Given the often protracted period between birth and breast-feeding for most preterm newborns, a number of challenges exist for mothers and neonatal intensive care unit nurses in establishing lactation, providing mother's own milk, and achieving breast-feeding.

Marsha Walker RN, IBCLC
Journal of Perinatal and Neonatal Nursing July/September 2007 Volume 21 Number 3 Pages 191 - 197

Abstract

Meeting national breast-feeding objectives and mothers' personal breast-feeding goals depends on a number of factors, including the provision of current, consistent, and timely help with breast-feeding. Nurses are in a prime position to guide mothers during their hospital stay and provide community follow-up postdischarge.

Powers NG.

Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001 Apr;48(2):345-63.

Abstract

Pediatricians must monitor early breastfeeding to detect and manage breastfeeding difficulties that lead to slow weight gain and subsequent low milk production. Infant growth during the first 3 months of life provides a clear indication of breastfeeding progress. Healthy, breastfed infants lose less than 10% of birth weight and return to birth weight by age 2 weeks. They then gain weight steadily, at a minimum of 20 g per day, from age 2 weeks to 3 months. Any deviation from this pattern is cause for concern and for a thorough evaluation of the breastfeeding process.

Lisa Helen Amir MBBS, MMed, PhD

Aust Fam Physician. 2006 Sep;35(9):686-9.

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Many breastfeeding women have concerns about their milk supply; 'not enough milk' is the most common reason women give for stopping breastfeeding, however their concern is often unwarranted.

Carol L Wagner, Eric M Graham, William W Hope, Nikki Hughes
Medscape Emedicine, 2006 September

This article reviews the mechanics of breastfeeding, correct breastfeeding techniques, and sufficient versus insufficient milk supplies. A discussion of early follow-up of the breastfeeding mother-infant dyad and the warning signs of difficulties in that dyad are also included.

Introduction

Breastfeeding is the natural way to feed infants and young children. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life ensures optimal growth, development and health. After that, breastfeeding, with appropriate complementary foods, continues to contribute to the infant’s and young child’s growth, development and health. Low rates and early cessation of breastfeeding have important adverse health, social and economic implications for women, children, the community and the environment, result in greater expenditure on national health care provision, and may increase inequalities in health. Despite difficulties in interpreting available data, it is clear that current initiation, exclusivity and duration rates of breastfeeding in virtually every country worldwide, including EU countries, fall short of recommended levels. In some EU countries, initiation rates are very low, but even in countries where they are high, there is a marked fall-off in the first six months and throughout most of Europe the exclusive breastfeeding rate at six months is low. The most common identified barriers to the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding include:

Katherine R. Shealy, MPH, IBCLC, RLC; Ruowei Li, MD, PhD; Sandra Benton-Davis, RD, LD; Laurence M. Grummer-Strawn, PhD

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005.

This document provides guidance and direction in selecting a breastfeeding intervention. It offers the most relevant information on each type of intervention to help the reader make wise decisions.